RISC Publications

• Hills SA, Balkau B, Coppack SW, Dekker JM, Mari A, Natali A, Walker M, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2004) The EGIR-RISC Study (The European group for the study of insulin resistance: relationship between insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk): I. Methodology and objectives. Report prepared on behalf of the EGIR-RISC Study Group. Diabetologia 47: 566-570.
  
• Ferrannini E, Balkau B, Coppack SW, Dekker JM, Mari A, Nolan J, Walker M, Natali A, Beck-Nielsen and the RISC Investigators (2007) Insulin resistance, insulin exposure, and waist circumference as indicators of metabolic risk: the RISC Study. J Clin Endoc Metab 92: 2885-92.
  
• Kozakova M, Palombo C, Mhamdi L, Konrad T, Nilsson P, Staehr PB, Paterni M, Balkau B and the RISC Investigators (2007) Habitual physical activity and vascular aging in a young-to-middle-aged population at low cardiovascular risk. Stroke 38:2549-2555.
  
• Ferrannini E, Muscelli E, Natali A, Gabriel R, Mitrakou M, Flyvbjerg A, Golay A, Hojlund K and the RISC Investigators (2007) Association of fasting glucagon and proinsulin concentrations with insulin resistance Diabetologia 50:2342-2347. 38:2549-2555.
  
• Pascoe L, Tura A, Patel S, Ibrahim I, Ferrannini E, The RISC Consortium, The UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium, Zeggini E, Weedon MN, Mari M, Hattersley A, McCarthy M, Frayling TM, Walker M (2007) Common variants of the novel type 2 diabetes genes, CDKAL1 and HHEX/IDE, are associated with decreased pancreatic B-cell function. Diabetes 56:3101-3104. 38:2549-2555.
• Patel S, Flyvbjerg A, Kozakova M, Frystyk J, Ibrahim I, Petrie J, Ferrannini E, Walker M and the RISC investigators (2007) Variation in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with carotid intima media thickness independent of plasma adiponectin levels in healthy subjects. Europ Heart J 29(3):386-393. 56:3101-3104. 38:2549-2555.
  
• Bonnet F, Patel S, Laville M, Balkau B, Favuzzi A, Monti LD, Lalic N, Walker M and the RISC investigators (2008) Influence of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism on insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care 31:789-794.
  
• Pascoe L, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Mari A, Tura A, Ferrannini E, Walker M and the RISC investigators (2008) Beta cell glucose sensitivity is decreased by 39% in non-diabetic individuals carrying multiple diabetes-risk alleles compared with those with no risk alleles. Diabetologia s00125-008:1124-1127.
  
• Kozakova M, Palombo C, Paterni M, Anderwald CH, Konrad T, Colgan MP, Flyvbjerg A, Dekker J and the RISC investigators (2008) Body composition and common Carotid artery remodeling in a healthy population. J Clin Endoc Metab 93:3325-3332.
  
• Balkau B, Mhamdi L, Oppert JM, Nolan J, Golay A, Porcellati F, Laakso M, Ferrannini E and the RISC investigators. (2008). Physical activity and insulin sensitivity. The RISC Study. Diabetes 57(10):2613-8.
  
• Boorsma W, Snijder MB, Nijpels G, Guidone C, Favuzzi AM, Mingrone G, Kostense PJ, Heine RJ, Dekker JM and the RISC investigators. (2008) Body Composition, Insulin Sensitivity, and Cardiovascular Disease Profile in Healthy Europeans. Obesity (Silver Spring); 16(12):2696-701.
  
• Muscelli E, Kozakova M, Flyvbjerg A, Kyriakopoulou K, Astiarraga BD, Glintborg D, Konrad T, Favuzzi A, Petrie J; and the RISC investigators (2009) The Effect of Menopause on Carotid Artery Remodeling, Insulin Sensitivity, and Plasma Adiponectin in Healthy Women. Am J Hypertens. Am J Hypertens (4):364-70.
  
• Gastaldelli A, Kozakova M, Højlund K, Flyvbjerg A, Favuzzi A, Mitrakou A, Balkau B and the RISC Investigators.Fatty liver index is associated with insulin resistance, risk of coronary heart disease and early atherosclerosis in a healthy population.. 2009 Jan 23. Hepatology [Epub ahead of print].
  
• de Rooij SR, Nijpels G, Nilsson PM, Nolan JJ, Gabriel R, Bobbioni-Harsch E, Mingrone G, Dekker JM and the RISC Investigators (2009) Low grade chronic inflammation in the RISC population: associations with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk profile Diabetes Care 32(7):1295-301.
  
• de Rooij S, Dekker J, Kozàkovà M, Mitrakou A, Melander O, Gabriel R, Guidone C, Hojlund K, Murphy M, Nijpels G and the RISC Investigators (2009) Fasting insulin has a stronger association with an adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile than insulin resistance: The RISC study Eur J Endocrinology Link not available 161(2)223-230
  
• Langenberg C, Pascoe L, Mari A, Tura A, Laakso M, Frayling TM, Barroso I, Loos RJ, Wareham NJ, Walker M, and the RISC Investigators (2009) Common genetic variation in the melatonin receptor 1B gene (MTNR1B) is associated with decreased early-phase insulin response Diabetologia 52:1537–1542
  Luan J, Finucane FM, Wareham NJ, O’Rahilly S, Balkau B, Flyvbjerg A, Walker M, Højlund H, Nolan JJ, Savage DB and the RISC Investigators (2009) Correlation of the leptin: adiponectin ratio with measures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals Diabetologia [Epub ahead of print]
  Stadler M, Pacini G, Petrie J, Luger A, Anderwald C and the RISC Investigators (2009) Beta cell (dys)function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients Diabetologia 52:2435–2444
  
• Bobbioni-Harsch E, Pataky Z, Makoundou V, Kozàkovà M, Dekker J, Golay A and the RISC Investigators (2009) Fat distribution influences the cardio-metabolic profile in a clinically healthy European population Eur J Clin Invest Link not available 52:2435–2444
  
• Natali A, Muscelli, E, Casolaro A, Nilsson P, Melander O, Nebojsa L, Ferrannini E, Petrie J and the RISC Investigators (2009) Metabolic characteristics of prehypertension: role of classification criteria and gender J Hypertension Link not available 27(12):2394-402
  
• Ingelsson E, Langenberg C, Hivert MF, Prokopenko I, Lyssenko V, Dupuis J, Mägi R, Sharp S, Jackson AU, Assimes TL, Shrader P, Knowles JW, Zethelius B, Abbasi FA, Bergman RN, Bergmann A, Berne C, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle LL, Bornstein SR, Buchanan TA, Bumpstead SJ, Böttcher Y, Chines P, Collins FS, Cooper CC, Dennison EM, Erdos MR, Ferrannini E, Fox CS, Graessler J, Hao K, Isomaa B, Jameson KA, Kovacs P, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ladenvall C, Mohlke KL, Morken MA, Narisu N, Nathan DM, Pascoe L, Payne F, Petrie JR, Sayer AA, Schwarz PE, Scott LJ, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Swift AJ, Syvänen AC, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Tönjes A, Valle TT, Williams GH, Lind L, Barroso I, Quertermous T, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Meigs JB, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Watanabe RM, Florez JC; MAGIC investigators (2010) Detailed physiologic characterization reveals diverse mechanisms for novel genetic Loci regulating glucose and insulin metabolism in humans Diabetes 59(5):1266-75
  
• Saxena R, Hivert MF, Langenberg C, Tanaka T, Pankow JS, Vollenweider P, Lyssenko V, Bouatia-Naji N, Dupuis J, Jackson AU, Kao WH, Li M, Glazer NL, Manning AK, Luan J, Stringham HM, Prokopenko I, Johnson T, Grarup N, Boesgaard TW, Lecoeur C, Shrader P, O'Connell J, Ingelsson E, Couper DJ, Rice K, Song K, Andreasen CH, Dina C, Köttgen A, Le Bacquer O, Pattou F, Taneera J, Steinthorsdottir V, Rybin D, Ardlie K, Sampson M, Qi L, van Hoek M, Weedon MN, Aulchenko YS, Voight BF, Grallert H, Balkau B, Bergman RN, Bielinski SJ, Bonnefond A, Bonnycastle LL, Borch-Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Buchanan TA, Bumpstead SJ, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Charpentier G, Chen YD, Chines PS, Collins FS, Cornelis M, J Crawford G, Delplanque J, Doney A, Egan JM, Erdos MR, Firmann M, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Hingorani A, Isomaa B, J?rgensen T, Kivimaki M, Kovacs P, Krohn K, Kumari M, Lauritzen T, Lévy-Marchal C, Mayor V, McAteer JB, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Morken MA, Narisu N, Palmer CN, Pakyz R, Pascoe L, Payne F, Pearson D, Rathmann W, Sandbaek A, Sayer AA, Scott LJ, Sharp SJ, Sijbrands E, Singleton A, Siscovick DS, Smith NL, Sparsø T, Swift AJ, Syddall H, Thorleifsson G, Tönjes A, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Valle TT, Waeber G, Walley A, Waterworth DM, Zeggini E, Zhao JH; GIANT consortium; MAGIC investigators, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Hu FB, Morris AD, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Nilsson P, Syvänen AC, Shuldiner AR, Walker M, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Williams GH, Nathan DM, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Cooper C, Marmot M, Ferrucci L, Mooser V, Stumvoll M, Loos RJ, Altshuler D, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Boerwinkle E, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Florez JC, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Sladek R, Froguel P, Meigs JB, Groop L, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM. (2010) Genetic variation in GIPR influences the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge. Nat Genet. 42(2):142-8
  Perry JR, Weedon MN, Langenberg C, Jackson AU, Lyssenko V, Sparsø T, Thorleifsson G, Grallert H, Ferrucci L, Maggio M, Paolisso G, Walker M, Palmer CN, Payne F, Young E, Herder C, Narisu N, Morken MA, Bonnycastle LL, Owen KR, Shields B, Knight B, Bennett A, Groves CJ, Ruokonen A, Jarvelin MR, Pearson E, Pascoe L, Ferrannini E, Bornstein SR, Stringham HM, Scott LJ, Kuusisto J, Nilsson P, Neptin M, Gjesing AP, Pisinger C, Lauritzen T, Sandbaek A, Sampson M; MAGIC, Zeggini E, Lindgren CM, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorsteinsdottir U, Hansen T, Schwarz P, Illig T, Laakso M, Stefansson K, Morris AD, Groop L, Pedersen O, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Wareham NJ, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI, Frayling TM (2010) Genetic evidence that raised sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet. 1;19(3):535-44
  
• Mari A, Tura A, Natali A, Laville M, Laakso M, Gabriel R, Beck-Nielsen H, Ferrannini E; The RISC Investigators (2010). A Mari, Impaired ß-cell glucose sensitivity rather than inadequate compensation for insulin resistance is the dominant defect in glucose intolerance Diabetologia 53(4):749-56.
  Anderwald C, Stadler M, Golay A, Krebs M, Petrie J, Luger A, and the RISC Investigators (2010). Impact of family history on relationships among insulin resistance, LDL cholesterol and carotid IMT in healthy adults. Heart Apr 6 [Epub ahead of print]
  
• Kozàkovà M, Palombo C, Morizzo C, Nolan JJ, Konrad T, Balkau B; and the RISC Investigators (2010) Effect of sedentary behaviour and vigorous physical activity on segment-specific carotid wall thickness and its progression in a healthy population. 2010 Jun;31(12):1511-9. Eur Heart J.
  
• Manco M, Panunzi S, MacFarlane D, Golay A, Melander Ö, Konrad T, Petrie J, Mingrone G and the RISC Investigators (2010) 1 hour plasma glucose identifies insulin resistance and ß-cell dysfunction in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Cross sectional data from the RISC study Diabetes Care 22 May, 2010 [ahead of print]
  Gall W, Beebe K, Lawton KA, Adam KP, Mitchell MW, Nakhle PJ, Ryals JA, Milburn MV, Nannipieri M, Camastra S, Natali A, Ferrannini E for the RISC Study Group a-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population. PLoS ONE 5(5): e 10883
  
• Natali A, Muscelli E, Mari A, Balkau B, Walker M, Tura A, Anderwald C, Golay A, Ferrannini E and RISC investigators (2010) Insulin sensitivity and ?-cell function in the offspring of type 2 diabetic patients: impact of line of inheritance J Clin Endoc & Metab. 2010 Jul 21 [Epub ahead of print]
  
  

Platform presentations at scientific meetings

• Balkau B, L'étude Egir-Risc (2004) L'étude EGIR-RISC: méthodes et objectifs. Réunion de l'ALFEDIAM, Nice, France, 23-27 Mars. Diabetes Metab 30: 1S34
  
• Balkau B, Mhamdi L, Mari A, Hills SA, Landucci L, Coppack SW, Dekker JM, Natali A, Walker M, Ferrannini E, Etude EGIR-RISC (2006). L'activité physique et la sensibilité à l'insuline. ALFEDIAM Mars, Paris. Diabetes Metab 32: 1S64
  
• Dekker JM, Kok A, Guillanneuf M, Balkau B, Coppack S, Walker M, Mari A, Kozakova M, Hills S, Natali A, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2006) Insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin: association with indicators of cardiovascular disease in healthy subjects. The RISC Study. (EASD: Copenhagen, Denmark) Diabetologia 49: A-342
  
• Mari A, Pacini G, Natali A, Balkau B, Dekker JM, Coppack S, Walker M, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2006) Pitfalls of the disposition index as an index of beta cell function. (EASD: Copenhagen, Denmark) Diabetologia 48: A-741
  
• Patel S, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Mari A, Walker M and the RISC Investigators (2006) The A-11426G and G-11391A promoter variants of the ACDC gene influence adiponectin levels in healthy subjects. (EASD Copenhagen, Denmark) Diabetologia 48: A-344
  
• Walker M, Patel S, Flyvbjerg A, Kozakova M, Frystyk J, Ibrahim IM, and the RISC Investigators (2006) Association between the C-11377G promoter variant of the ACDC gene and carotid intima media thickness in healthy subjects. (EASD Copenhagen, Denmark) Diabetologia 48: A-342
  
• Mari A, Tura A, Pacini G, Petrie J, Laakso M, Nolan J, Mitrakou A, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2007) Beta-cell compensation for insulin resistance involves distinct mechanisms which are differentially impaired in prediabetes. (EASD Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Diabetologia 50:S26
  

RISC symposium at EASD: 21 September 2007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Lectures on line

Poster presentations at scientific meetings

• Dekker JM, Balkau B, Kozakova M, Mari A, Natali A, Coppack S, Walker M, Hills S, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2005) Metabolic syndrome definitions in relation to intima media thickness and insulin sensitivity in healthy adult men and women. American Heart Association, 112: II-788 download poster
  
• Balkau B, Mhamdi L, Beck-Nielsen H, Walker M, Ferrannini E, Palombo C, Kozakova M and the RISC Investigators (2005) Carotid artery stiffness decreases with habitual physical activity in a healthy adult population. American Heart Association, 112: II-810 download poster
  
• Ibrahim I, Patel S, Walker M and the RISC Investigators (2005) The Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g2 gene influences insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects participating in the RISC study. (EASD Athens, Greece) Diabetologia 48: A-142 download poster
  
• Kozakova M, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2005) Relationship between insulin sensitivity and carotid artery intima-media thickness in healthy subjects: The RISC Study. (EASD Athens, Greece) Diabetologia 48: A-222 download poster
  
• Kozakova M, Palombo C, Paterni M, Hills S, Balkau B, Landucci L, Mhamdi L, Ferrannini E and the RISC Investigators (2005) Age-related increase in videointensity of normal intima-media complex of the common carotid artery in a healthy population. European Society of Cardiology, Stockholm, Sweden 2005 download poster
  
• Ibrahim I, Patel S, Jayapaul M, Walker M and the RISC Investigators (2006) SNP+45 of the (APM1) is associated with insulin resistance in healthy subjects participating in the RISC Study. (ADA) Diabetes 55: A-259 download poster
  
• Lalic N, Nilsson PM, Nilsson J-A, Gabriel R, Anderwald C, Balkau and the RISC Investigators (2007) Body mass index is strongly associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in Europeans from 19 countries, independent of age, sex, social class and smoking habits. Poster. (EASD Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Diabetologia 50:S120 download poster
  
• Bonnet F, Patel S, Ibrahim IM, Laville M, Balkau B, Walker M and the RISC investigators (2007) Association between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. (EASD Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Diabetologia 50:S137 download poster
  
• Gastaldelli A, Pacini G, Mari A, and the RISC investigators (2008) Influence of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance on glucose tolerance in non-diabetic subjects: the RISC study (EASD Rome, Italy) Diabetologia 51:S282 download poster
  
• Petrie J R, Balkau B, Natali A, and the RISC investigators (2008) Prehypertension is associated with central obesity but not specifically with insulin resistance/ metabolic syndrome (ADA, San Francisco, CA, USA) Diabetes 57:A372 download poster
  
• Gastaldelli A, Pacini G, Mari A, and the RISC investigators (2008) Influence of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance on glucose tolerance in non-diabetic subjects: the RISC study (EASL Milan, Italy) Journal of Hepatology 48:S16 download poster
  

Publications based on data from one centre

• Anderwald C, Anderwald-Stadler M, Promintzer M, Prager G, Mandl M, Nowotny, Bischof M G, Wolzt M, Ludvik B, Kästenbauer T, Pacini G, Luger A, Krebs M (2007) Clamp-like Index: a novel, highly sensitive insulin sensitivity index to calculate hyperinsulinemic clamp glucose infusion rates from oral glucose tolerance test in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes Care 30:2374-80
  
• Promintzer M, Krebs M, Todoric J, Luger A, Bischof M G, Nowotny P, Wagner O, Esterbauer H, Anderwald C (2007) Insulin resistance is unrelated to circulating retinol binding protein and protein C inhibitor. J Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 92:4306-12
  
• Anderwald-Stadler M, Krebs M, Promintzer M, Mandl M, Bischof M G, Nowotny P, Kaestenbauer T, Luger A, Prager R, Anderwald C (2007) Plasma obestatin is lower at fasting and not suppressed by insulin in insulin-resistant humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293:E1393-8
  
• Anderwald C, Pfeiler G, Nowotny P, Anderwald-Stadler M, Krebs M, Bischof M G, Kozakova M, Luger A, Pacini G, Roden M, Waldhäusl W (2008) Glucose turnover and intima media thickness of internal carotid artery in type-2 diabetes offspring. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 38(4):227-37.
  
• Kozakova M, Muscelli E, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Morizzo C, Palombo C, Ferrannini E. (2008) Adiponectin and left ventricular structure and function in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol & Metab 93:2811-8.
  
• Boorsma W, Snijder MB, Nijpels G, Guidone C, Favuzzi AMR, Mingrone G, Kostense PJ, Heine RJ, Dekker JM, Body composition, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease profile in healthy Europeans. Obesity (in press)

Other articles on RISC

• The role of insulin resistance in predicting cardiovascular disease. Sept 03, 2004 Medical News Today
  
• New European study examines the role of insulin resistance in predicting cardiovascular disease. Sept 03, 2004 Presse Portal
  
• Study examines role of insulin resistance in predicting cardiovascular disease. Sept 27, 2004 Access my library
  
• EASD: Activity of any kind improves insulin sensitivity. Sept 19, 2007 MedPageToday
  
• Rich or poor, fat people have higher diabetes risk. Sept 19, 2007 Bloomberg
  
• Early glimpse at RISC underscores physical activity benefits and suggests insulin sensitivity is not a "sole driver" of risk. Sept 19, 2007 The Heart.org, MedScape Today
  
• Impaired beta cell function triples risk of developing diabetes. Sept 19, 2007 Medical News Today
  
• Impaired beta cell function triples 1-year risk of diabetes, pre-diabetes. Sept 20, 2007 Dave MD
  
• Insulin resistance not sole contributor to cardiovascular risk. Oct, 2007 Endocrine today
  
• Metabolon Announces Collaboration with the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance. Mar 18, 2008 Business Wire